Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) reagent is one of the enzymes within the aminotransferases group and is among the most sensitive liver enzymes. The highest concentrations of the alanine aminotransferase enzyme can be in the liver, with low concentrations found in the kidneys, heart, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen, and lung tissue. Alanine aminotransferase measurements diagnose hepatic damage and diseases, including viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. The concentration levels of alanine aminotransferase in the blood are low. However, when injured, the liver releases more ALT into the blood, increasing the concentration levels. When diagnosing hepatic damage, the root cause of the damage can be determined, such as disease, drug, or injury. The ALT test allows for the diagnosis of liver disease as well as the diagnosis of the cause of the disease.
Spectrophotometric detection is the widely adopted clinical standard method in determining the serum concentration of alanine transferase. In this detection method, the absorbance change of NADH concentration at 340 nm UV light is measured based on the pyruvate reaction with lactate dehydrogenase. However, spectrophotometric methods require physically large and expensive instruments, skillful technicians, and relatively large sample volumes around a few milliliters. Thus, the spectrophotometric analysis is not suitable for point-of-care or home-use detection of ALT. Ideally, ALT detection can be accomplished with a relatively small-scale, portable, inexpensive, and disposable sensor that utilizes a simple detection method.
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