Genetics is the branch of biology that studies how traits are transferred from one generation to another through the transmission of genes. It encompasses the study of genes, their function, structure, behavior, and how they interact with each other and the environment to determine the traits and characteristics of living organisms. Genomic medicine is an emerging field that uses genetic information to customize medical treatment. Technological improvements in DNA sequencing have made identifying genetic mutations linked to certain diseases possible, allowing doctors to develop personalized treatment plans based on an individual's genetic makeup.